Romanesque architecture[a] is an architectural variety of medieval Europe which was predominant inside the eleventh and 12th hundreds of years.[1] The design and style finally designed in to the Gothic design and style with the shape with the arches supplying an easy distinction: the Romanesque is characterised by semicircular arches, while the Gothic is marked through the pointed arches.
The nave of Marie Madeleine in Vézelay, France, Picture by Navin75, twelfth century, by using Flickr What really differentiates Romanesque from its speedy predecessors is stone vaulting. While basilicas of your early Christian, Carolingian, and Ottonian durations mainly featured wooden roofs, Romanesque church buildings usually have stone barrel vaults. Even though they may have the benefit of becoming fireplace resistant, stone vaults are particularly major and hard to construct. To guidance them, Romanesque churches have enormous piers or columns and thick walls that could only be interrupted by modest windows.
Modena Cathedral demonstrates a commonly Italian Romanesque plan, typically architecturally termed a "basilica", as a result of its similarity in want to a Roman basilicas.
Generally, you would see sturdy towers achieving towards the sky and buttresses supporting the large fat on the walls. These properties appear like castles mainly because they ended up created like fortresses - robust sufficient to last via difficult times.
Though mainly rectangular, piers can frequently be of remarkably complex type, with 50 percent-segments of huge hollow-Main columns around the internal floor supporting the arch, or simply a clustered group of smaller sized shafts primary into your mouldings from the arch.
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Funds of convex cubic variety with its abacus, concave dosseret and cable decoration outlined by polychrome. Herina. Capitals of this condition in many cases are decorated with "Barbaric" carvings of foliage, and legendary creatures.
The japanese finish of a Romanesque church is almost always semi-round, with either a substantial chancel surrounded by an ambulatory as in France, or maybe a sq. conclude from which an apse assignments as in Germany and Italy. The place sq. ends exist in English church buildings, They can be in all probability affected by Anglo-Saxon church buildings.
Romanesque design was foundational on the Gothic which ongoing utilizing a cruciform approach, a western façade with two towers, and carved tympanums above the portals. Similarly, Gothic artwork was knowledgeable by exactly the same movement towards a far more sensible therapy of your human sort which might be observed while in the Romanesque Mosan style. Romanesque tapestries, similar to the Bayeux Tapestry, affected the development of tapestry workshops in the course of Europe in the Gothic time period and beyond.
หมายถึง น. รก, ราชาศัพท์ใช้ว่า พระสกุน.
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The problems encountered inside the construction and look of vaults was solved late inside the Romanesque interval Together with the introduction of pointed arched ribs which allowed the peak of both of those diagonal and transverse ribs to generally be various in proportion to one another.[43] Pointed ribs created their very first appearance from the transverse ribs on the vaults at Durham Cathedral in northern England, dating from 1128.
หมายถึง [สกกะปฺรก] ว. เปรอะหรือเปื้อนด้วยสิ่งที่ถือว่าน่าเกลียดหรือที่ไม่พึงประสงค์ เช่น เสื้อผ้าสกปรก เนื้อตัวสกปรกด้วยฝุ่นละออง, ขุ่นมัว, ไม่สะอาดหมดจด, เช่น น้ำสกปรก จิตใจสกปรก, ลักษณะกิริยาวาจาที่แสดงออกอย่างหยาบคาย เช่น พูดจาสกปรก, โดยปริยายหมายถึงอาการที่คล้ายคลึงเช่นนั้น เช่น เขาเป็นคนสกปรก เล่นสกปรก.
The capitals, whilst retaining the shape of a sq. prime plus a round bottom, were generally compressed into small greater than a bulging cushion-condition. This is especially the case on big masonry columns, or on massive columns that alternate with piers as at Durham.(See illustrated over)